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J. Norman Lockyer)
Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer or Norman Lockyer (May 17, 1836 – August 16, 1920) was an English scientist and astronomer. Along with the French scientist Pierre Janssen he is credited with discovering the gas helium.
Lockyer was born at Rugby in Warwickshire. After a conventional schooling suplemented by travel in Switzerland and France, he worked for some years as a civil servant in the British War office.
He settled in Wimbledon in south London after marrying Winifred James. A keen amateur astronomer with a particular interest in the sun, Lockyer eventually became director of the solar physics observatory in Kensington London.
In the 1860s he became fascinated by electromagnetic spectroscopy as an analytical tool for determining the gas composition of heavenly bodies. Lockyer identified a yellow strip in the spectrum of the sun that conventional scientific opinion of the time held as a known element under extraordinary circumstances. To Lockyer it suggested the existence of a previously unknown element in the sun. He named this element Helium after the Greek word 'Helios' meaning 'sun'. Lockyer's discovery was eventually confirmed in the 1890s.
After his retirement in 1911, Lockyer established an observatory near his home in Salcombe Regis , Devonshire. Originally known as the Hill Observatory, the site was renamed the Norman Lockyer Observatory after his death. For a time the observatory was a part of the University of Exeter, but is now owned by the East Devon District Council, and run by the Norman Lockyer Observatory Society. The Norman Lockyer Chair in Astrophysics at the University of Exeter is currently held by Professor Tim Naylor, who heads a star formation group there.
Lockyer crater on the Moon and Lockyer crater on Mars are named after him.
Lockyer died at his home in Salcombe Regis in 1920.
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