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List of English words of Old Norse origin

Words of Old Norse origin that have entered the English language, primarily from the colonisation of eastern and northern England between 800-1000 CE. Old Norse (abbreviated in dictonaries as O.N.) existed in its spoken and written form from c.100 CE, until its spread from the Nordic region to colonies as far west as Greenland and far east as Sweden, where the language diverged into West Norse (Faroe islands, Iceland, and Greenland) and East Norse (Denmark and Sweden). With some minor regional variations in loan words both West Norse and East Norse are essentially the same.


A

anger
angr
awe
agi
awkward
the first element is from Old Norse öfugr (="turned-backward"), the '-ward' part is from Old English weard
axle
öxl (="ox tree")

B

bag
baggi
bait
beita
berserk
berserkr, lit. 'bear-shirt', formidable warriors
billow
bylgja
birth
byrðr
blunder
blundra (="shut one's eye")
both
bathir
bulk
bulki
bulk
balkr
bull
boli
bylaw
bylög ('by'=village; 'lög'=law; 'village-law')

C

call
kalla (="cry loudly")
cast
kasta (="to throw")
club
klubba (="cudgel")
crawl
krafla (="to claw")
creek
kriki (="nook")

D

die
deyja (="pass away")
dirt
drit (="gossip")
dregs
dregg (="sediment")

E

egg
egg

F

flit
flytja

G

garth
gardhr (="garden")
gawk
from Middle English gawen, from Old Norse ga (="to heed")
get
geta, gat (>got), gittan (>gotten)
geyser
from Icelandic geysir, from Old Norse geysa (="to gush")
gift
gift (="dowry")
girth
gjördh
give
gefa
gosling
gæslingr" (="goose")
guest
gestr
gust
gustr

H

hack
höggva (="hew")
haggle
haggen (="to chop")
hit
hitta (="to meet")
husband
husbondi (="master of the house")

I

J

K

knife
knifr

L

lad
ladd (="young man")
lathe
hlaða (="to load")
law
lagu
litmus
litmose (="lichen for dying", lita ="to stain")
loose
lauss (="free")
low
lagr

M

mire
myrr (='bog')
mistake
mistaka (="miscarry")
muck
myki (="cow dung")
mug
mugge

N

O

oaf
alfr (="elf")
odd
oddi (="third number", "the casting vote")

P

plough & plow
plogr

Q

R

raft
raptr (="log")
raise
reisa
ransack
rannsaka (="to pillage")
reindeer
hreindyri
rive
rifa
root
rot
rune
run

S

scarf
skarfr (="fastening joint")
score
skor (='notch'; 'twenty')
scrap & scrape
skrap
seem
soema (="conform")
skate
skata (="fish")
skill
skil (="distinction")
skin
skinn (="animal hide")
skirt
skyrta (="shirt")
sky
sky (='cloud')
slaughter
slahtr (="butchering")
sleight
slœgdh
sleuth
sloð (="trail")
snub
snubba (="to curse")
stagger
stakra (="to push")
steak
steik, steikja

T

take
taka
talk
talar
tarn
tjörn, tjarn
their
þierra
they
þeir
thrift
þrift (="prosperity")
troll
troll (="fiend")

U

ugly
uggligr (="dreadful")

V

W

wand
vondr (="rod")
want
vanta (="to lack")
weak
veikr
whirl
hvirfla (="to go around")
whisk
viska (="to plait")
wight
vigr (="able in battle") (the other wight meaning "man" is from Old English)
window
vindauga (='wind-eye',) - although gluggi was more commonly used in Old Norse.
wing
vængr

X

Y

Z


See also

External links

01-04-2007 01:16:19
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