List of European cities with alternative names

Most cities in Europe have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known different names for all major European cities. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.

This article also lists cities of Turkey, Cyprus, and all the republics of the former Soviet Union. A number of important Mediterranean Basin cities are also included.

This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.

Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in..."?.

A

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Aabenraa	Åbenrå (Danish), Apenrade (German)
Aachen	Aix-la-Chapelle (French), Aken (Dutch), Akwizgran (Polish), Aquae Grani or Aquisgranum (Latin), Aquisgrà (Catalan), Aquisgrán (Spanish), Aquisgrana (Italian, Portuguese), Cáchy (Czech), Åxhe (Walloon)
Aalst	Aalst (Dutch), Alost (French)
Aarhus	Århus (Danish)
Abbeville	Abbatis Villa (Latin), Abbeville (French)
Adrianople	Adhrianúpolis - Αδριανούπολις (Greek), Adrianopel (German), Adrianopla (Portuguese), Adrianopol (Polish, Romanian, Slovak), Adrianopole (Romanian), Adrianopoli (Italian), Adrianopolis (Czech, Dutch), Adrianópolis (Spanish), Drinápoly (Hungarian), Drinopol (variant in Czech and Slovak), Edirne (Czech, Dutch, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Hadrianople (variant in English), Odrin (Bulgarian), Uskudama (Thracian)
Aiud	Aiud (Romanian), Nagyenyed (Hungarian), Strassburg (German)
Aix-en-Provence	Aix-en-Provence (French), Aquae Sextiae (Latin)
Aix-les-Bains	Aix-les-Bains (French), Aquae Gratianae (Latin)
Albacete	Albacete (Spanish), al-Basīt (Arabic)
Alba Iulia	Alba Iulia (Romanian), Apulum (Latin), Gyulafehérvár (Hungarian), Karlsburg (German), Weißenburg (old German name)
Alexandroupolis	Alexandhrúpolis - Αλεξανδρούπολις (Greek), Alexandropolis (Dutch), Dedeağaç (Turkish)
Algeciras	Algeciras (Spanish), al-Jazīra (Arabic)
Algiers	Algeri (Italian), Alger (French, Romanian), Algier (German, Polish), Algiers (Dutch), al-Jazā'ir (Arabic), Alžir (Serbian), Alžyras (Lithuanian), Argel (Portuguese, Spanish), Cezayir (Turkish), Icosium (Latin)
Alicante	Akra Leuke (Ancient Greek), Alacant (Catalan), Alicante (Spanish), Alikantė (Lithuanian), al-Laqant (Arabic), Lucentum (Latin)
Almaty	Alma-Ata (Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Ałma Ata (Polish), Almata (Lithuanian), Almaty (Kazakh)
Amsterdam	Amstardam (Irish), Amstardām (Arabic), Amsterdam (Dutch, French, Italian, Polish, Swedish), Amsterdamas (Lithuanian), Amsterdão (Portuguese), Amsterodam (Czech), Amszterdam (Hungarian), Aemstelredamme / Amstelredam (old Dutch names)
Ankara	Ancara (Portuguese), Ancyra (Latin), Angora (former English name, Italian [obs.]), Ankara (Polish, Turkish), Ánkira - Άγκυρα (Greek), Anqara (Arabic)
Anklam	Anklam (German), Nakło nad Pianą (Polish)
Antioch	Antakya (Turkish), Antioche (French), Antiochia (Italian, German, Polish, Slovak), Antiochie (Czech), Antiohia (Romanian), Antiokia (Finnish, Swedish), Antioquía (Portuguese, Spanish)
Antwerp	Amberes (Spanish), Amvérsa - Αμβέρσα (Greek), Antuérpia (Portuguese), Antverpen (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Antverpenas (Lithuanian), Antverpene (Latvian), Antverpy (Czech, Slovak), Antwīrb (Arabic), Antwerpen (Dutch, Finnish, German, Swedish), Antwerpia (Polish), Anvers (French), Anversa (Italian), Anviesse (Walloon)
Aquileia	Akwileja (Polish), Aquileia (Italian), Aquileja (German), Oglej (Slovene)
Archangel	Arcángel (Spanish), Archangelsk (German), Archangelskas (Lithuanian), Archangielsk (Polish), Arhanđel (Serbian), Arhanghelsk (Romanian), Arkangeli (Finnish), Arkhangel'sk (Russian)
Arlon	Arlon (French), Aarlen (Dutch), Arel (German)
Arnhem	Arnheim (German), Arnhem (Dutch, Polish), Arnhim (Frisian)
Arras	Arasu - アラス (Japanese), Arazzo (medieval Italian), Arras (French, German, Italian, Swedish), Atrecht (Dutch)
Aschaffenburg	Aschaffenburg (German), Aschaffenburgo (Spanish)
Ashkhabad	Ašchabád (Czech, Slovak), Aschchabad / Aschgabad / Aschgabat (German), Ašgabat (Finnish), Aşgabat / Aşkabat (Turkish), Aşhabad (Romanian), Ašhabad (Serbian), Ashgabat (Turkmen), Ashkhabad (Russian), Ashxobod (Uzbek), Asjchabad (Dutch), Aszchabad (Polish), Išq Ābād (Arabic)
Assisi	Ascesi (medieval Italian), Asís (Spanish), Assis (Portuguese), Assise (French), Assisi (Dutch, German, Italian), Asyż (Polish)
Astana	Akmolinsk (Russian), Akmola (Finnish), Akmola (variant in Russian), Akmoła (former Polish), Aqmola (former Kazakh), Astana (Kazakh, Polish), Tselinograd (former Russian)
Athens	Afiny (Russian, Ukrainian), An Aithin (Irish), Ateena (Finnish), Aten (Norwegian, Swedish) Aten - אַטען (Yiddish), Atena (Croatian, Romanian), Atėnai (Lithuanian), Atenas (Portuguese, Spanish), Atēnas (Latvian), Atene (Italian), Atenes (Catalan), Atény (Czech, Slovak), Ateny (Polish), Athen (Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish), Athén (Hungarian), Aþena (Icelandic), Athenae (Latin), Athene (Dutch), Athènes (French), Athény (alternative Czech name), Athína - Αθήνα (Greek), Atīnā (Arabic), Atina (Bulgarian, Serbian, Turkish)
Augsburg	Augsbourg (French), Augsburg (German, Polish), Augsburgo (Spanish), Augšpurk / Aušpurk (Czech), Augusta (Italian), Oogsborg (Low Saxon)
Avignon	Avenio (Latin), Avignon (French), Avignone (Italian), Avinhão (Portuguese), Aviñón (Spanish), Awinion (Polish)

B

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Baia Mare	Baia Mare (Romanian), Gross-Schlatten (German), Nagybanya (Hungarian)
Baku	Bakoe (Dutch), Bakou (French), Bākū (Arabic), Bakü (Turkish)
Bar (Montenegro)	Antivari (Italian), Bar (Croatian, Serbian); Dioclea or Doclea (Latin; ancient city nearby), Duklja (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian; same ancient city and medieval state)
Barcelona	Barcellona (Italian), Barcelona (Portuguese, Spanish, Polish), Barcelone (French), Barcino (Latin), Barna (Spanish abbreviation), Baršalūna (Arabic), Barselona (Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Turkish, Ukrainian), Varkelóni - Βαρκελόνη (Greek), Bårçulone (Walloon)
Basel	Bâle (French), Basilea (Italian, Romansh, Spanish), Basileia (Portuguese), Basilej (Czech), Basle (variant in English), Bazel (Dutch), Bázel (Hungarian), Bazel' (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Bazelis (Lithuanian), Bāzil (Arabic), Bazilej (Slovak), Bazylea (Polish), Vasilía - Βασιλεία (Greek)
Bastogne	Bastogne (English, French), Bastenaken (Dutch), Bastnach (German)
Bath	Aquae Sulis (Latin), Baðum / Baðan / Baðon (Anglo-Saxon), Caerfaddon (Welsh)
Bautzen	Budyšin (Upper Sorbian), Budyšín (Czech, Slovak), Budyšyn (Lower Sorbian), Budziszyn (Polish)
Będzin	Będzin (Polish), Bendin - Бендин (Russian), Bendin - בענדין (Yiddish), Bendzin (German)
Bela Crkva	Bela Crkva (Serbian), Biała Cerkiew (Polish), Bílá Cerevek (Czech)
Belfast	Béal Feirste (Irish), Belfastas (Lithuanian)
Belfort	Beffert (German), Befert (old German)
Belgrade	Béalgrád (Irish), Bělehrad (Czech), Belehrad (Slovak), Belgrad (Bulgarian, Finnish, German, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Turkish), Belgrád (Hungarian), Belgrada (Latvian), Belgradas (Lithuanian), Belgrado (Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Beograd (Croatian, Danish), Beograd - Београд (Serbian), Bilġrād (Arabic), Bjelhrad (Ukrainian), Nándorfehérvár (former Hungarian), Singidunum (Latin), Velighrádhi (Greek), Belgrade (French), Belgråde (Walloon)
Berat	Berat / Berati (Albanian), Albánský Bělehrad (Czech)
Berdychiv	Berdychiv - Бердичів (Ukrainian), Berdichev - Бердичев (Russian), Barditshev - באַרדיטשעװ (Yiddish), Berdyczów (Polish), Berdicev (Romanian),
Bergen (Norway)	Bergen (Norwegian), Bergenas (Lithuanian), Björgvin (Icelandic)
Berlin	Barlīn (Arabic), Barliń (Lower Sorbian), Beirlín (Irish), Berliin (Estonian), Berliini (Finnish), Berlijn (Dutch), Berlim (Portuguese), Berlín (Czech, Icelandic, Slovak, Spanish), Berlin (Croatian, Danish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish, French, Walloon), Berlin - בערלין (Yiddish), Berlīne (Latvian), Berlino (Italian, Esperanto), Berlyn (Afrikaans, Frisian), Berlynas (Lithuanian), Verolíno (Greek)
Berne	Bern (Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Slovak, Turkish, Ukrainian), Berna (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Bernas (Lithuanian), Berno (Polish), Vérni - Βέρνη (Greek)
Białowieża	Bělověž (Czech), Białowieża (Polish)
Białystok	Białystok (Polish), Belostok - Белосток (Russian), Byalistok - ביאַליסטאָק (Yiddish)
Biel/Bienne	Belenus (Latin), Biel (German), Bienne (French)
Biella	Biella (Italian), Bugella (Latin)
Bilbao	Bilbao (Spanish), Bilbau (Portuguese), Bilbo (Basque),
Bil'shivtsi	Bil'shivtsi - Більшівці (Ukrainian), Bol'shovtsy - Болшовцы (Russian), Bolszowce (Polish), Bolshvets - באָלשװעץ (Yiddish)
Birmingham	Бирмингем (Russian)
Bishkek	Bichkek (French), Bischkek (German), Biškek (Finnish, Serbian), Bişkek (Romanian, Turkish), Biškekas (Lithuanian), Biszkek (Polish); Frunze (former name)
Bischofswerda	Bischofswerda (German), Biskupice (Polish)
Bistriţa	Beszterce (Hungarian), Bistriţa (Romanian), Bistritz (German)
Bologna	Bologna (Italian, Romanian), Bologne (French), Boloňa (Czech), Bolonha (Portuguese), Bolonia (Polish, Spanish), Bolonija (Lithuanian), Bolonja (Serbian), Bolonya (Turkish)
Bouillon	Bouillon (French), Bouyon (Walloon)
Bolzano	Bolzano (Italian), Bozen (German)
Bordeaux	Bordeaux (French), Bordèu (Gascon), Bordéus (Portuguese), Bordo (Lithuanian), Bordozo (Esperanto), Burdeos (Spanish), Burdigala (Latin)
Bonn	Bona (Lithuanian, Portuguese), Bonna or Castrum Bonnense (Latin), Vóni - Βόννη (Greek)
Botoşani	Botoshan (alt. spelling)
Braniewo	Braniewo (Polish), Braunsberg (German), Brus (Old Prussian)
Braşov	Braşov (Romanian), Brassó (Hungarian), Braszów (Polish), Corona (Latin), Kronstadt (German), Stephanópolis (Greek)
Bratislava	Bratislava - Братислава (Bulgarian), Bratislava (Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Swedish), Bratyslava (Ukrainian), Bratysława (Polish), Pozsony (Hungarian), Presbourg (French till 1919), Pressburg (variant in German), Prešporok (Slovak till 1919) [Note: The name was officially changed from Pressburg/Prešporok/Pozsony to Bratislava in 1919; for a list of older names see ]
Braunschweig	Braunschweig (German), Brunswick (French, English) Brunšvik (Slovenija)
Břeclav	Břeclav (Czech), Lundenburg (German)
Bremen	Bréma (Hungarian), Brema (Italian, Polish, Spanish), Brême (French), Bremen (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, Frisian, German, Portuguese, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish), Brėmenas (Lithuanian), Brémy (Czech, Slovak), Brimarborg (Icelandic), Vrémi (Greek)
Bremerhaven	Bremerhaven (German), Brémský Přístav (Czech)
Brest (Belarus)	Brasta (Lithuanian), Brest-Litovsk (former English and Russian name), Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939); Lietuvos Brasta (former Lithuanian name); Brisk - בריסק (Yiddish)
Bristol	Briostó (Irish), Caerodor (Welsh)
Brno	Brno (Czech), Brünn (German, Hungarian)
Brody	Brody (Polish, Russian, Ukrainian; spelled Броды in Russian and Броди in Ukrainian), Brod - בראָד (Yiddish)
Bruges	Briž (Macedonian, Serbian), Bruges (French, Portuguese), Brugge (Dutch), Brügge (German), Bruggia (old Italian), Bruggy (Slovak), Brugia (Polish), Brugy (Czech), Brujas (Spanish), Brygge (Finnish), وبروج (Arab)
Bruntál	Bruntal (Polish), Bruntál (Czech), Freudenthal (German)
Brunswick	Braunschweig (German, Slovene, variant in English), Braunšvajg (Serbian), Brunšvik (Czech), Brunsvique (Portuguese), Brunswick (French, Italian, Spanish), Brunswijk (Dutch), Brunszwik (Polish)
Brussels	An Bhruiséil (Irish), Bréissel (Luxembourgish), Brisel (Macedonian, Serbian), Brisele (Latvian), Brisl - בריסל (Yiddish), Briuselis (Lithuanian), Brüksel (Turkish), Bruksela (Polish), Brūksil (Arabic), Brusel (Czech, Slovak), Brusela (Basque), Bruselas (Spanish), Bruselles (Catalan), Brussel (Dutch, Norwegian), Brüssel (German), Brusselle (Italian [obs.]), Brüsszel (Hungarian), Bruxelas (Portuguese), Bruxelles (Danish, French, Italian, Romanian), Bryssel (Danish, Finnish, Swedish), Bryuksel (Bulgarian), Bryussel (Russian, Ukrainian), Vrixéles - Βρυξέλλες (Greek), Brussele (Walloon)
Brzesko	Brzesko (Polish), Brigl - בריגל (Yiddish)
Buchach	Buchach - Бучач (Ukrainian), Buczacz (Polish), Betshotsh - בעטשאָטש (Yiddish)
Bucharest	Boekarest (Dutch), Búcairist (Irish), Bucarest (French, Italian, Spanish), Bucareste (Portuguese), Bucureşti (Romanian), Bukarest (Danish, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Bukareštas (Lithuanian), Bukareste (Latvian), Bukareszt (Polish), Bukharest (Russian, Ukrainian), Bükreş (Turkish), Bukurešt (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Bukurešť (Czech, Slovak), Būqārist (Arabic), Voukourésti (Greek)
Buda (now part of Budapest)	Buda (Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese), Budín (Czech), Budin (Turkish), Ofen (German)
Budapest	Boedapest (Dutch), Būdābist (Arabic), Búdaipeist (Irish), Budapest (Italian, German, Hungarian), Budapešt (Russian, Ukrainian), Budapešť (Czech, Slovak), Budapešta (Bulgarian), Budapesta (Romanian), Budapeštas (Lithuanian), Budapeste (Portuguese), Budapeşte (Turkish), Budapeszt (Polish), Budimpešta (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Voudhapésti (Greek)
Budweis	Budweis (German), Czeskie Budziejowice (Polish), České Budějovice (Czech, Slovak)
Buje	Buie d'Istria (Italian), Buje (Croatian)
Butrint	Butrint / Butrinti (Albanian), Butrinto (Italian)
Buzet	Buzet (Croatian), Pinguente (Italian)
Bydgoszcz	Bromberg (German), Bydgostia (Latin), Bydgoszcz (Polish)
Bytom	Beuthen (German), Bytom (Polish)
Bytow	Betowo (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Bütow (German), Bytów (Polish)

C

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Cádiz	Cadice (Italian), Cádis (Portuguese), Cadix (French), Cádiz (Spanish), Gades (Ancient Greek), Gadir (Phoenician), Kadyks (Polish), Kadiz (Serbian), al-Qādis (Arabic)
Cagliari	Cagliari (Italian), Càller (Catalan), Casteddu (Sardinian), Kaljari (Serbian)
Cairo	Le Caire (French), Caireo (Irish), Caïro (Dutch), Cairo (Portuguese), El Cairo (Spanish), Il Cairo (Italian), Káhira (Czech), Kair (Polish), Kairas (Lithuanian), Kairo (Bulgarian, Croatian, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Slovene, Swedish), Kairó (Hungarian), Qahir - (Hebrew), al-Qāhirah (Arabic), Maşr (local dialect name)
Cambridge (England)	Caergrawnt (Welsh), Cantabrigia (Latin), Cantabrígia (Portuguese), Kembridžas (Lithuanian), Kembriĝo (Esperanto)
Canterbury	Caergaint (Welsh), Cantorbéry (French), Kantaraborg (Icelandic), Kantelberg (Dutch)
Carcassonne	Carcassona (Italian), Carcassonne (French)
Cardiff	Caerdydd (Welsh), Kārdifa (Latvian), Ovicubium (Vulgar Latin)
Carlsbad	Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian, Croatian), Karlovy Vary (Czech), Karlsbad (German, Swedish) Karlowe Wary (Polish)
Cartagena	Cartagena (Spanish), Cartagina (Romanian), Carthagène (French), Carthago Nova (Latin),Kartagina (Polish), al-Qartājanna (Arabic)
Celje	Celeia (Latin), Celje (Slovene), Celle (German), Cille (Hungarian), Cilli (older English (1911 EB), older German), Kelea (Celtic)
Cetinje	Cettigne (Italian), Cetinje (Serbian)
Chania	La Canée (French), Khaniá - Χανιά (Greek), La Canea (Italian, Spanish)
Charleroi	Karelskoning (Dutch), Charleroi (French), Châlerwè / Tchålerwè (Walloon)
Cheb	Cheb (Czech), Eger (German)
Chełmno	Chełmno (Polish), Culm (variant in German), Kulm (German)
Chemnitz	Chemnitz (German), Kamienica Saska (Polish, traditional, not used anymore), Saská Kamenice (Czech); Karl-Marx-Stadt (German 1953-1990)
Chernyakhovsk	Chernyakhovsk (Russian), Insterburg (German), Įsrutis (Lithuanian), Wystruc (Polish)
Chester	Caerllion-ar-Dyfrdwy often abbreviated to Caer (Welsh)
Chişinău	Chişinău (Moldovan/Romanian), Chisinau (Portuguese), Keshenev - קעשענעװ (Yiddish), Kischinew (German), Kishinjov - Кишинёв (Russian), Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech), Kišiniovas (Lithuanian), Kišinjev (Serbian), Kišiňov (Slovak), Kisinyov (Hungarian), Kiszyniów (Polish), Kyšyniv (Ukrainian)
Chorzów	Chorzów (Polish), Králova Huť (Czech)
Cieszyn	Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (German), Těšín (Czech), Tešín (Slovak)
Cleves	Cléveris (Spanish), Clèves (French), Kleef (Dutch), Kleve (German)
Cluj	Claudiopolis (Latin), Cluj-Napoca (Romanian), Klausenburg (German), Kluž (Czech, Slovak), Kluż (Polish), Kolozsvár (Hungarian)
Coblenz	Coblença (Portuguese), Coblence (French), Coblenza (Italian, Spanish), Koblencja (Polish), Koblenz (German, Slovene)
Coburg	Cobourg (French), Coburg (German), Coburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)
Coimbra	Coimbra (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Coimbre (French), Conimbriga (Latin), Qulumriya (Arabic)
Cologne	Cologne (French), Colonia (Italian, Spanish), Colónia (Portuguese), Keln - Келн (Serbian), Keln - קעלן (Yiddish), Kelnas (Lithianian), Keulen (Dutch), Kjol'n (Russian, Ukrainian), Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech), Kolín nad Rýnom (Slovak), Kölle (Kölsch [local dialect]), Köln (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Kolonía (Greek), Kolonia (Polish)
Constanţa	Constanţa (Romanian), Küstendji (old Turkish name), Konstanca (Polish)
Copenhagen	Cóbanhávan (Irish), Copenaghen (Italian), Copenhaga (Portuguese, Romanian), Copenhague (French, Spanish), Hafnia (Latin), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic), Kobenhaven (Slovene), København (Danish, Norwegian), Kūbinhāġin (Arabic), Kodaň (Czech, Slovak), Kööpenhamina (Finnish), Kopengagen (Bulgarian, Russian), Kopenhaagen (Estonian), Kopenhag (Turkish), Kopenhaga (Lithuanian, Polish), Kopenhagen (Croatian, Dutch, German), Kopenhāgena (Latvian), Köpenhamn (Swedish), Kopenkhági (Greek), Koppenhága (Hungarian)
Córdoba	Córdoba (Spanish), Cordoue (French), Còrdova (Catalan), Cordova (Italian), Córdova (Portuguese), Kordoba (Slovene), Qurtubah (Arabic)
Corfu	Corcyra (Latin), Corfou (French), Corfù (Italian), Corfú (Spanish), Kérkira - Κέρκυρα (Greek), Korfu (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Polish, Slovak), Krf (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene)
Corinth	Corint (Catalan), Corinthe (French), Corinto (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Korint (Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Kórinta (Icelandic), Korintas (Lithuanian), Korinth (German), Korinthe (Dutch), Kórinthos - Κόρινθος (Greek), Korintti (Finnish), Korynt (Polish)
Cork	Corc (Welsh), Corcaigh (Irish)
Corunna	La Corogne (French), A Coruña (Galician), La Coruña (Spanish), Corunha (Portuguese)
Cottbus	Chociebuż (Polish), Chóśebuz (Sorbian), Chotěbuz (Czech)
Cracow	Cracovia (Italian, Spanish, Romanian), Cracóvia (Portuguese), Cracovie (French), Kroke - קראָקע (Yiddish), Kraká (Icelandic), Krakau (Dutch, German), Krakiv (Ukrainian), Krakkó (Hungarian), Krakov (Croatian, Czech, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Krakova (Finnish), Krakovía - Κρακοβία (Greek), Krakovo (Esperanto), Kraków (Polish), Krākūf (Arabic), Krokuva (Lithuanian)
Crécy	Crécy-en-Ponthieu (French), Kresčak (Czech)

D

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Daugavpils	Daugavpils (Latvian), Daugpilis (Lithuanian), Denenburg - דענענבורג (Yiddish), Dünaburg (German), Двинcк / Dvinsk (Russian), Dyneburg or Dźwińsk (Polish)
Debrecen	Debrecen (Hungarian), Debrecín (Czech), Debreţin (Romanian), Debreczyn (Polish)
Den Bosch	Bois-le-Duc (French), Bolduque (Spanish), Boscoducale (Italian [obs.]), Den Bos (Frisian), Den Bosch / 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Herzogenbusch (German)
Dijon	Digione (Italian), Dijon (French), Diviodunum (Latin)
Dillingen	Dilinga (Spanish), Dillingen (German)
Donetsk	Doneţk (Romanian), Donetsk (Russian), Donetskas (Lithuanian), Donezk (German), Donieck (Polish), Donjeck (Serbian); Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name)
Dover	Douvres (French), Doveris (Lithuanian), Duvra (Latvian)
Drachhausen	Drachhausen (German), Hochoza (Lower Sorbian)
Dresden	Drážďany (Czech, Slovak), Dresda (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Dresde (French, Spanish), Drésdi (Greek), Drezda (Hungarian), Drezdenas (Lithuanian), Drezno (Polish), Drježdźany (Lower Sorbian)
Drohobycz	Drobitsh - דראָביטש (Yiddish), Drogobych (Russian), Drohobych (Ukrainian), Drohobycz (German, Polish)
Dubrovnik	Dubrovnik (Croatian, Serbian), Dubrovnikas (Lithuanian), Ragusa (Italian), Raguse (old French), Dubrownik (Polish)
Dublin	Baile Átha Cliath (Irish), Dubh Linn (archaic Irish variant), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian), Dhuvlíno - Δουβλίνο (Greek), Dublim (Portuguese), Dublín (Spanish), Dublinas (Lithuanian), Dublino (Italian), Dulenn (Breton), Dulyn (Welsh), Dyflinni (Icelandic)
Dunkirk	Dhunkérki - Δουγκέρκη (Greek), Duinkerken (Dutch), Dunkerque (French), Dunkierka (Polish), Dünkirchen (German), Dunquerque (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)
Durrës	Drač (Croatian, Czech, Serbian), Durazzo (Italian), Durrës / Durrësi (Albanian)
Düsseldorf	Diuseldorfas (Lithuanian), Dizeldorf (Macedonian), Düsseldorf (German), Dusseldórfia (Portuguese), Dusseldorp (Dutch), Duesseldorf (Walloon)
Dushanbe	Doesjanbe (Dutch), Douchanbé (French), Dušanbe (Finnish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Tajik), Dušanbė (Lithuanian), Duşanbe (Romanian, Turkish), Dūšānbī (Arabic), Duschanbe (German), Dusjanbe (Swedish), Duszanbe (Polish); Hissar (former name)

E

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Edinburgh	Caeredin (Welsh), Dún Éideann (Irish), Dùn Èideann (Scots Gaelic), Edhimvúrgho - Εδιμβούργο (Greek), Edinborg (Icelandic), Edimbourg (French), Edimburgo (Italian, Portuguese), Edinburg (German [rare]), Edinburga (Latvian), Edinburgas (Lithuanian), Edinburk (Czech), Edynburg (Polish)
Eger	Eger (Hungarian), Eğri (Turkish), Erlau (German), Jager (Czech), Jáger (Slovak), Jagier (Polish)
Eisenhüttenstadt	Eisenhüttenstadt (German), Żelazowa Huta (Polish), Stalinstadt (former German name)
Elbląg	Elbiąg (local Polish dialect), Elbląg (Polish), Elbing (German), Ilfing or Truso (Old Prussian)
Ełk	Ełk (Polish), Lyck (German)
Elsinore	Elseneur (French), Elsinor (Spanish), Elsinore (Italian), Helsingør (Danish), Helsingör (Finnish, German, Swedish)
Emmerich	Emmerich (German), Emmerik (Dutch)
Erlangen	Erlangen (German), Erlanky (Czech)
Esztergom	Esztergom (Hungarian), Gran (German), Ostřihom (Czech), Ostrihom (Slovak), Ostrzyhom (Polish), Estergon (Turkish)
Eupen	Eupen (German, French, Dutch), Néau, Neyow, Naowe, Naouwe (Walloon)

F

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Flensburg	Flensborch (Low Saxon), Flensborg (Danish), Flensburg (German)
Florence	Firenca (Croatian, Serbian), Firenze (Finnish, Hungarian, Italian), Flórans (Irish), Floransa (Turkish), Florença (Portuguese), Florència (Catalan), Florencia (Slovak, Spanish), Florencie (Czech), Florencija (Lithuanian), Florencja (Polish), Florens (Swedish), Florenţa (Romanian), Florenz (German),Florence (French), Florance (Walloon)
Flushing	Flesinga (Spanish), Flessinga (Italian), Flessingue (French), Vlissingen (Dutch)
Fort Augustus	Cille Chumein (Scots Gaelic)
Frankfurt	Francfort (Catalan), Fráncfort del Meno (Spanish), Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Francoforte sobre o Meno (Portuguese), Francoforte sul Meno (Italian), Frankfurt am Main (German), Frankfurtas prie Maino (Lithuanian), Frankfúrti - Φραγκφούρτη (Greek), Frankfurt nad Menem (Polish), Frankfurt nad Mohanem (Czech), Frankfurt nad Mohanom (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Main (Romanian)
Frankfurt (East Germany)	Fráncfort del Oder (Spanish), Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Francoforte sobre o Oder (Portuguese), Francoforte sull'Oder (Italian), Frankfurt an der Oder (German), Frankfurtas prie Oderio (Lithuanian), Frankfurt nad Odrą (Polish), Frankfurt nad Odrou (Slovak, Czech), Frankfurt pe Oder (Romanian)
Freiburg	Freiburg im Breisgau (German), Fribourg-en-Brisgau (French), Friburgo di Brisgovia (Italian)
Freising	Brižinje/Brižine (Slovene), Freising (German), Frisinga (Italian, Spanish), Frisingue (French)
Fribourg	Freiburg im Üechtland (German), Fribourg (French), Friburg (Romansh), Friburgo (Italian, Portuguese)
Frombork	Frauenburg (German), Frombork (Polish)

G

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Gallipoli	Galipolis (Lithuanian), Galipolje (Croatian, Serbian), Gallipoli (Italian), Gelibolu (Turkish), Kalípolis - Καλλίπολις (Greek)
Galway	Gaillimh (Irish)
Gdańsk	Dants - דאַנץ (Yiddish), Danzica (Italian), Danzig (German), Gdaňsk (Czech), Gdańsk (Polish), Gdanskas (Lithuanian), Gduńsk (Kashubian), Gedania (Latin)
Gdynia	Gdingen (German), Gdiniô (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Gdyně (Czech), Gdynė (Lithuanian), Gdynia (Polish), Gotenhafen (German 1939-1945)
Geneva	Cenevre (Turkish), Genebra (Portuguese), Geneve / Genève (Dutch), Geneve (Finnish), Genève (French), Genevra (Romansh), Genewa (Polish), Genf (German, Hungarian), An Ghinéiv (Irish), Ginebra (Catalan, Spanish), Ginevra (Italian), Jinīf (Arabic), Yenévi - Γενέβη (Greek), Ženeva (Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Ukrainian), Djeneve (Walloon)
Genoa	Cenova (Turkish), Đenova (Serbian), Gênes (French), Gènova (Catalan), Genova (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Génova / Gênova (Portuguese), Génova (Spanish), Genua (Dutch, German, Latin, Polish), Genuja (Lithuanian), Janov (Czech, Slovak), Zena (Genoese)
Ghent	Gand (French), Gandawa (Polish), Gante (Spanish), Gent (Dutch/Flemish, Finnish, German), Guanto (old Italian)
Gibraltar	Cebelitarık (Turkish), Gibilterra (Italian), Jabal-Tarīq (Arabic), Gibraltar (Spanish), Gibraltaras (Lithuanian)
Girona	Gerona (Spanish), Girona (Catalan)
Gjirokastër	Argirocastro (Italian), Aryirókastron (Greek), Gjirokastër / Gjirokastra (Albanian), Ergiri (Turkish)
Glarus	Glaris (French), Glarona (Italian), Glaruna (Romansh), Glarus (German)
Glasgow	Glaschú (Irish), Glaschù (Scots Gaelic)
Gliwice	Gleiwitz (German), Gliwice (Polish)
Gmünd	Cmunt (Czech), Gmünd (German)
Gorizia	Gorica (Slovene), Gorizia (Italian), Görz (German)
Görlitz	Görlitz (German), Zgorzelec (Polish), Zhořelec (Czech)
Gothenburg	Gautaborg (Icelandic), Gioteburgas (Lithuanian), Goeteborg (Polish), Göteborg (Finnish, German, Swedish), Göteburg (Turkish), Gotemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gotenburg (Dutch, German [obs.])
Göttingen	Getynga (Polish), Getynky (Czech), Gœttingue (French), Gotinga (Spanish, Portuguese), Gottinga (Italian)
Gramzow	Gramzow (German), Grębowo (Polish)
Granada	al-Ġarnāda (Arabic), Granada (Italian, Spanish, Lithuanian), Grenade (French)
Graz	Gradec (Slovene), Graz (German), Grodziec (Polish), Štýrský Hradec (Czech)
Greifswald	Greifswald (German), Gryfia (Polish)
Grodno	Gardinas (Lithuanian), Grodno (Polish, Russian), Grodne - גראָדנע (Yiddish), Hrodna (Belarusian), Hrodno (Ukrainian)
Groningen	Grins (Frisian), Groninga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Groningen (Dutch, German), Groningue (French), Grönnen / Grunnen / Grunn'n (Gronings), Groot Loug or Stad (local nicknames)
Grozny	Djovkhar Ghaala (Chechen), Džochargala (alternative Lithuanian name), Groznas (Lithuanian), Groznîi (Romanian), Groznyj - Грозный (Russian)
Grudziądz	Graudenz (German), Grudziądz (Polish)
Günzburg	Günzburg (German), Gunzburgo (Spanish)
Gusev	Gabin (Polish), Gumbinė (Lithuanian), Gumbinnen (German), Gusev - Гусев (Russian)
Győr	Győr (Hungarian), Raab (German), Ráb (Czech)

H

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Haderslev	Hadersleben (German), Haderslev (Danish)
Hamburg	Amburgo (Italian), Amvúrgho - Αμβούργο (Greek), Gamburg - Гамбург (Russian), Hamborg (Danish, Swedish), Hambourg (French), Hamburch (Frisian, Low Saxon), Hambūrġ (Arabic), Hamburg (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian), Hamburgas (Lithuanian), Hamburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Hamburk (Czech), Hampuri (Finnish)
Hämeenlinna	Hämeenlinna (Finnish), Tavastehus (Swedish)
Hamelin	Hamelen (Dutch), Hamelin (French, Italian, Portuguese), Hamelín (Spanish), Hameln (German)
Hanau	Hanau (German), Hanava (Czech)
Hanover	Anóvero - Ανόβερο (Greek), Ganover - Гановер (Russian), Hannover (Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian), Hanôver (Portuguese), Hanóver (Spanish), Hanoveris (Lithuanian), Hanovra (Romanian), Hanovre (French), Hanower (Polish), Hanôve (Walloon)
Hasselt	Hasselt (Dutch, French), Hasse / Hasque / Hassèl (Walloon),
Heligoland	Helgoland (German)
Helsinki	Elsínki (Greek), Helsingfors (Danish, Swedish), Helsingi (Estonian), Hel'sinki (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Helsinki (Finnish, Italian, Polish), Helsinkis (Lithuanian), Helsinky (Czech), Helsinque (Brazilian Portuguese), Helsínquia (Portuguese), Helsset (North Sami), Hilsīnkī (Arabic)
Heraklion	Candia (Italian), Candie (old French), Héraklion (French), Iraklion (Greek, Polish), Kandiye (Turkish)
's Hertogenbosch	's Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Bois-le-Duc (French), Boscoducale (Italian)
Homyel'	Gomel' (Russian), Homl - האָמל (Yiddish), Homyel' (Belarusian), Homel (Polish)
Hoyerswerda	Hoyerswerda (German), Wojerecy (Sorbian)
Huy	Huy (French), Hoei (Dutch), Hu (Walloon)

I

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Iaşi	Iaşi (Romanian), Jassy (German, also older English, Polish), Iassy (old French name), Yaş (Turkish),
Iraklion	Former names: Càndia (Catalan), Candia (Italian, Spanish)
Innsbruck	Innsbruck (German), Inomost (Old Slovene), Inomostí / Inšpruk (Czech), Insbrukas (Lithuanian)
Ioannina	Giannina (Italian), Ianina (Aromanian), Ioannina (Finnish), Ioánnina - Ιωάννινα (Greek), Janinë / Janina (Albanian), Yánena - Γιάννενα / Yánina - Γιάννινα (Greek variants), Yanya (Turkish)
Istanbul	Estambul (Spanish), Istambul (Croatian, Italian, Portuguese, Serbian), Istanboel (Dutch), Istanbūl (Arabic), Istanbuł / Stambuł (Polish), Istanbul (Romanian), İstanbul (Turkish), Isztambul (Hungarian), Konstantinúpoli (Greek), Mikligarður (Icelandic), Stamboll (Albanian), Stamboul (French), Stambul (Russian, Ukrainian), Stambula (Latvian), Stambulas (Lithuanian) Former names: Constantinoble (Catalan), Bizánc / Konstantinápoly (Hungarian), Bizanc / Carigrad / Konstantinopel (Slovene), Bizâncio / Constantinopla (Portuguese), Bizancjum / Carogród / Konstantynopol (Polish), Bizant / Carigrad / Konstantinopol (Croatian, Serbian), Bizanţ / Constantinopol(e) / Stambul / Ţarigrad (Romanian), Bisanzio / Costantinopoli (Italian), Bysants / Konstantinopel (Norwegian), Byzantion (Greek), Byzantium / Constantinople (English), Byzantium / Constantinopolis (Latin), Carigrad (Croatian, Serbian), Cařihrad / Konstantinopol (Czech), Carihrad / Konštantínopol (Slovak), Constantinopel (Dutch), Konstantinopel (German), Konstantinopoli (Finnish), Miklagard (Old Norse), Qushta - קושטא (Hebrew), Tsarigrad (Russian); Estambul, Konstantinopyla, Koshta, Koshtandina, Kospoli, Kostan (other variants during Ottoman period)
Izmir	Esmirna (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), İzmir (Turkish), Smirna (Serbian, old Romanian name), Smirne (Italian), Smirni (Greek), Smyrna (variant in English)

J

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Jakobstad	Jakobstad (Swedish), Pietarsaari (Finnish)
Jarosław	Jaroslau (German), Jarosław (Polish), Yareslev - יאַרעסלעװ (Yiddish), Yaroslav (Russian)
Jena	Iéna (French), Iena (Romanian), Jena (German)
Jihlava	Iglau (German), Jihlava (Czech)

K

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Kaliningrad	Kaliningrad - Кaлинингpaд (Russian), Kalingrad (Polish), Kaliningrado (Spanish), Kalinjingrad (Croatian), Kaljinjingrad (Serbian), Karaliaučius (Lithuanian), Kenigsberg קעניגסבערג (Yiddish), Keunigsbarg (Low Saxon), Koningsbergen (Dutch), Königsberg (German), Královec (Czech), Królewiec (former Polish name)
Kamenz	Kamenz (German), Kamjenc (Upper Sorbian)
Kamyaniets Podilskiy	Kamenets קאַמענעץ (Yiddish), Kamenets-Podol'skiy (Russian), Kamieniec Podolski (Polish), Kam"yanets'-Podil's'kyy - Кaм'янeць-Пoдiльcький (Ukrainian)
Kandalaksha	Kandalaksha - Кaндaлaкшa (Russian), Kannanlahti / Kantalahti (Finnish)
Kartuzy	Karthaus (German), Kartuzy (Polish)
Katowice	Katovicai (Lithuanian), Katovice (Czech, Serbian), Katoviçe (Turkish), Katowice (Polish), Kattowitz (German); Stalinogród (Polish 1953-1956)
Kaunas	Kauen (German), Kaunas (Lithuanian), Kovne קאָװנע (Yiddish), Kovno (Czech), Kovno - Кoвнo (Russian), Kowno (Polish)
Kem'	Kem' - Кeмь (Russian), Kemi or Vienan Kemi (Finnish)
Kemi	Giepma (Northern Sami)
Kętrzyn	Kętrzyn (Polish), Rastenburg (German)
Kharkov	Char'kiv - Xapькiв (Ukrainian), Charkov (Czech, Slovak), Charkovas (Lithuanian), Charków (Polish), Harkov (Romanian), Har'kov - Xapькoв (Russian), Harkova (Finnish), Karkov (Turkish)
Kiel	Kiel (German), Kilonia (Polish), Kylis (Lithuanian), Quília (Portuguese)
Kielce	Kelts קעלץ (Yiddish), Kel'tsy - Кeльцы (Russian), Kielce (Polish)
Kiev	Kænugarður (Icelandic), Kiëv (Dutch), Kiev (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) Kiev קיִעװ (Yiddish), Kiev - Киев (Russian), Kíevo (Greek), Kiew (German), Kijev (Croatian, Hungarian, Serbian, Slovene), Kijeva (Latvian), Kijevas (Lithuanian), Kijów (Polish), Kiova (Finnish), Kīyif (Arabic), Kyïv - Київ (Ukrainian), Kyjev (Czech, Slovak); Qiyov - קיוב (Hebrew)
Kirovgrad	formerly Yelizavetgrad
Kilkenny	Cill Chainnigh (Irish)
Kiruna	Giron (Sami), Kiiruna (Finnish)
Klagenfurt	Celovec (Czech, Slovene), Klagenfurt (German), Želanec (alternative Czech name)
Klaipeda	Klaipeda (Finnish), Klaipėda (Lithuanian), Kłajpeda (Polish), Memel (German)
Kobarid	Caporetto (Italian), Kobarid (Slovene)
Kolkwitz	Gołkojce (Lower Sorbian), Kolkwitz (Niederlausitz) (German)
Kolomyya	Kilemey קילעמײ (Yiddish), Kolomea (German), Kołomyja (Polish), Kolomyja - Кoлoмия (Ukrainian)
Kondopoga	Kondopoga - Кoндoпoгa (Russian), Kontiolahti (Finnish)
Konstanz	Constance (French, variant in English), Constância (Portuguese), Costanza (Italian), Konstancja (Polish), Köstence (Turkish), Kostnice (Czech)
Köpenick	Köpenick (German), Kopník (Czech)
Koper	Capodistria (Italian), Kopar (Croatian, Serbian), Koper (Slovene)
Korçë	Korçë / Korça (Albanian), Koritsa (Greek)
Kortrijk	Kortrijk (Dutch), Courtrai (French)
Košice	Kaschau (German), Kassa (Hungarian), Košice (Serbian, Slovak), Koszyce (Polish)
Kosovo Polje	Amselfeld (German), Champ des merles (French), Fushe Koseve (Albanian), Kosovo Polje (Serbian), Kosowe Pole (Polish), Rigómező (Hungarian)
Kotor	Cattaro (Italian), Kotor (Croatian, Serbian)
Kovel	Kovel' - Кoвeль (Russian, Ukrainian), Kowel (Polish), Kovl קאָװל (Yiddish)
Krems	Krems (German), Kremže / Křemže (Czech)
Kristianstad	Kristianstad (Swedish), Kristianstadas (Lithuanian)
Kristinestad	Christinae Stadh (older Swedish name), Kristiinankaupunki (Finnish), Kristingrad (Serbian)
Krnov	Carnovia (Latin), Jägerndorf (German), Karniów (older Polish name), Krnov (Czech), Krnów (Polish)
Kudowa Zdrój	Chudoba (Czech), Kudowa-Zdrój (Polish)
Kwidzyn	Kwidzyn (Polish), Marienwerder (German)
Kyle of Lochalsh	Caol Loch Ailse (Scots Gaelic)

L

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Labin	Albona (Italian), Labin (Croatian)
Lahti	Lahti (Finnish, Slovene), Lahtis (Swedish)
Lappeenranta	Lappeenranta (Finnish), Villmanstrand (Swedish)
Lausanne	Lausanne (French), Lausana (Spanish), Losanna (Italian), Lozan (Turkish), Lozana (Serbian), Lozáni (Greek), Lozanna (Polish), Luzana (Slovene)
Leeuwarden	Leeuwarden (Dutch), Ljouwert (Frisian)
Leghorn	Liorna (Spanish), Livorno (Italian, Finnish, German, Romanian), Livourne (French)
Leicester	Caerlyr (Welsh), Ratae (Latin), Leicestria (Church Latin)
Leiden	Leida (Italian), Leiden (Dutch, Slovene), Lejda (Polish), Leyde (French), Leyden (variant in English)
Leipzig	Lajpcig (Serbian), Leipcigas (Lithuanian), Leipzig (French, German, Slovene), Lipcse (Hungarian), Lipsca (old Romanian), Lipsía - Λειψία (Greek), Lipsia (Italian), Lípsia (Portuguese), Lipsk (Lower Sorbian, Polish), Lipsko (Czech, Slovak)
Lębork	Lauenburg (German), Lębork (Polish)
Lezhë	Lezhë / Lezha (Albanian), Alessio (Italian)
Liege	Lîdje / Lîdge (Walloon), Liege (Finnish, Hungarian, Swedish, Turkish),Liège (French, Romanian), Liége (former French), Liegi (Italian), Liegxo (Esperanto), Lieja (Catalan, Spanish), Liež (Serbian), Luik (Dutch), Lutych (Czech), Lüttich (German), Leodium (Latin), Λιέγης (Greek), Льеж (Russian), Лиеж (Bulgarian), ولييج (Arab), ליאז' (Hebrew)
Liepāja	Libau (German), Libava or Liyepaya (Russian) Libave - ליבאַװע (Yiddish), Liepāja (Latvian), Lipawa (Polish)
Lier	Lier (Dutch), Lierre (French)
Lille	Lilla (Catalan, Italian), Lille (French), Rijsel (Dutch)
Limerick	Limeriko (Esperanto), Luimneach (Irish)
Linz	Linec (Czech), Linz (German, Slovene)
Lisbon	Liospóin (Irish), Lisabon (Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian), Lisabona (Lithuanian, Romanian), Lisboa (Portuguese, Spanish), Lisbona (Italian), Lisbonne (French), Lisbono (Esperanto), Lišbūna (Arabic), Lissabon (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish), Lissavóna (Greek), Lisszabon (Hungarian), Lizbon (Turkish), Lizbona (Polish, Slovene), Uşbune (old Arabian)
Liverpool	Learpholl (Irish), Lerpwl (Welsh), Liverpūle (Latvian), Liverpulis (Lithuanian), Liverpulo (Esperanto), Llynlleifiad (former Welsh)
Ljubljana	Laibach (German), Liubliana (Portuguese, Spanish), Liublijana (Lithuanian), Liyūbliyānā (Arabic), Ljubljana (French, Slovene), Lubiana (Italian), Lublaň (Czech), Lublana (Polish), Ľubľana (Slovak), Lubyana (Turkish)
Lleida	Lerida (Italian), Lérida (French, Portuguese, Spanish), Lleida (Catalan)
Löbau	Löbau (German), Lubij (Upper Sorbian), Lubiniec (Polish)
London	Landan (Arabic), Llundain (Welsh), Londain (Irish), Londen (Dutch), Londhíno (Greek), Londinium (Latin), Londona (Latvian), Londonas (Lithuanian), Londono (Esperanto), Londra (Italian, Romanian, Turkish), Londres (Catalan, French, Portuguese, Spanish), Londyn (Polish), Londýn (Czech, Slovak), Lontoo (Finnish), Loundres (Cornish), Lundúnir (Icelandic), Lunnainn (Scots Gaelic)
Londonderry	Derio (Esperanto), Derry (official English name in Republic of Ireland; disputed usage in Northern Ireland), Doire (Irish)
Lourdes	Lourdes (French, Italian), Lurdy (Czech)
Louvain	Leuven (Dutch), Louvain (French), Lováin (Irish), Lovaina (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), Lovaň (Czech), Lovanio (Italian), Löwen (German), Lovin (Walloon)
Lübben	Lübben (German), Lubin (Lower Sorbian, Polish)
Lübbenau	Lübbenau (German), Lubnjow (Lower Sorbian)
Lübeck	Liubekas (Lithuanian), Lubecca (Italian), Lübeck (French, German), Lubek (Czech), Lubeka (Polish), Lyypekki (Finnish)
Lucca	Lucca (Italian), Lucques (French), Lukka (Polish)
Lucerne	Liucerna (Lithuanian), Lucern (Czech, Slovene), Lucerna (Italian, Romansh, Polish, Romanian, Spanish), Lucerne (French), Lukérni (Greek), Luzern (German, Finnish, Serbian, Turkish), Luzerna (Catalan)
Luleå	Luleå (Swedish), Lulėja (Lithuanian), Luleo (Serbian), Luulaja (Finnish)
Lüneburg	Lüneburch (Low Saxon), Lüneburg (German), Luneburgo (Italian), Lunenburg (variant in English)
Luxembourg	Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish), Liuksemburgas (Lithuanian), Ljuksemburg (Bulgarian, Russian), Ljuksemburh (Ukrainian), Lucemburk (Czech), Lucsamburg (Irish), Luksemboarch (Frisian), Luksemburg (Croatian, Estonian, Macedonian, Polish, Serbian, Slovene), Lüksemburg (Turkish), Luksemburga (Latvian), Luksemburgio (Esperanto), Lussemburgo (Italian), Lussimbork (Walloon), Lúxemborg (Icelandic), Luxemborg / Luxembourg / Luxemburg (Danish), Luxembourg (Afrikaans, French), Luxemburg (Basque variant, Catalan, Dutch, English variant, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Swedish), Luxemburgia (Latin variant), Luxemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Luxemburgum (Latin), Luxembursko (Slovak), Luxemvúrgho - Λουξεμβούργο (Greek), Luxenburgo (Basque), Lwcsembwrg (Welsh)
L'viv	Ilyvó (Hungarian), Lavov (Croatian), Lemberg (German), Lemberig - לעמבעריג (Yiddish), Léopol (French), Leopoli (Italian), Leopolis (Latin), Lióv (Romanian), L'viv - Львів (Ukrainian), Lvov (Finnish, Slovene), L'vov - Львов (Russian), Ľvov (Slovak), Lvovas (Lithuanian), Lwów (Polish)
Lyon	Lião (Portuguese), Lijonas (Lithuanian), Lió (Catalan), Lione (Italian), Liono (Esperanto), Liyon (Serbian), Lugdunum or Lugudunum (Latin), Lyon (French, German, Slovene), Lyón (Spanish), Lyons (traditional English name)

M

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Maastricht	Maastricht (Dutch, French), Maestricht (former French, Flemisch), Mastrichtas (Lithuanian), Mastrique (Spanish), Mestreech (local Limburger dialect), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin), Måstrek / Li Trek (Walloon)
Madrid	Madhríti (Greek), Madri (Portuguese), Madrid (French, Italian, Spanish), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madrido (Esperanto), Madryt (Polish), Maidrid (Irish), Mecrit (Arabic)
Mahilyow	Mahilyow (Belarusian), Mogilev (Russian), Mogilew or Mohylew (Polish), Molev - מאָלעװ (Yiddish)
Mainz	Määnz (local dialect), Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Mainz (German), Majnc (Serbian), Mayence (French), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), Mohuč (Czech, Slovak), Meenz (former local dialect)
Malbork	Malbork (Polish), Marienburg (German)
Manchester	Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestra (Latvian), Manĉestro (Esperanto), Mančesteris (Lithuanian), Manchain (Irish), Mancunium (Latin)
Monschau	Monschau (German), Montjoie (French)
Mantua	Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Slovak), Mantua (Latin), Mântua (Portuguese)
Maribor	Marburg (German), Maribor (Slovene), Morpurgo (old Italian)
Mariehamn	Maarianhamina (Finnish), Mariehamn (Swedish)
Marktredwitz	Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech)
Marseilles	Marseille (French), Marsel' (Russian), Marselha (Portuguese), Marselj (Serbian), Marseljo (Esperanto), Marsella (Spanish), Marsiglia (Italian), Marsilha (Provençal), Marsilia (Romanian), Marsīliyā (Arabic), Marsilya (Turkish), Marsylia (Polish), Massalía (Greek), Marselis (Lithuanian)
Mechelen	Malinas (Spanish), Malines (Catalan, French), Mechelen (Dutch), Mecheln (German), Mechlin (older English name)
Meissen	Meißen (German), Míšeň (Czech), Misnia (Italian), Miśnia (Polish)
Melk	Medlík (Czech), Melk (German), Mölk (older German name)
Messina	Messina (Italian), Messine (French), Mesyna (Polish), Missina (Sicilian)
Metz	Divodurum (Latin), Mec - Мец (Bulgarian, Serbian, Russian), Mety (Czech), Metz (French, German, Italian, Romanian)
Międzybórz	Mezbizh - מעזביזש (Yiddish), Międzybórz (Łódźkie) (Polish)
Miercurea-Ciuc	Csíkszereda (Hungarian), Miercurea-Ciuc (Romanian), Szeklerburg (German)
Mikkeli	Mikkeli (Finnish), St. Michel (Swedish)
Mikulov	Mikulov (Czech), Nikolsburg (German)
Milan	Mailand (German), Mediolan (Polish), Mediólana (former Greek name), Mediolānum (Latin), Milà (Catalan), Milaan (Dutch), Milán (Czech, Spanish), Milano (Croatian, Esperanto, Finnish, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Miláno (Greek, Slovak), Milánó (Hungarian), Mīlānū (Arabic), Milão (Portuguese), Milanas (Lithuanian)
Minsk	Minsk - Мінск or Myensk - Менск (Belarusian), Minsk - Минск (Russian), Minsk - מינסק (Yiddish), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k - Мінськ (Ukrainian), Minsko (Esperanto), Minszk (Hungarian), Minskas (Lithuanian)
Miskolc	Miskolc (Hungarian), Miškovec (Czech, Slovak), Miszkolc (Polish)
Monaco	Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Swedish, Welsh), Monacó (Irish), Mónaco (Portuguese, Spanish), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Basque, Esperanto, Latvian, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Monakó - Μονακό (Greek), Mónakó (Icelandic), Monoecus (Latin), Munegu (Monegasque)
Mons	Bergen (Dutch), Berĥeno (Esperanto), Mons (French), Mont (Walloon)
Montbéliard	Mömpelgard (German), Montbéliard (French)
Moscow	Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Belarusian), Mosca (Italian), Moscó (Irish), Moscou (French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moscova (Romanian), Moscovo (Portuguese), Moscú (Spanish), Moskau (German), Móskha (Greek), Moskou (Dutch), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Moskva (Bulgarian, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Danish, Russian, Swedish, Ukrainian), Moskve - מאָסקװע (Yiddish), Moskvo (Esperanto), Moskwa (Polish), Moszkva (Hungarian), Mūskū (Arabic)
Mosonmagyaróvár	Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian), Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg (German)
Mukacheve	Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukacheve - Мyкaчeвe (Ukrainian), Mukachevo - Мyкaчeвo (Russian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh - מינקאַטש (Yiddish), Munkács (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German)
Mulhouse	Milhüse or Milhüsa (Alsatian), Mülhausen (German), Mulhouse (French), Mylhúzy (Czech), Miluza (Polish)
Munich	Minhen (Serbian), Minkhn - מינכן (Yiddish); Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Miyūnikh (Arabic), Mjunkhen (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), Monachium (Polish), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Mónakho (Greek), München (Dutch, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Low Saxon, Swedish), Munĥeno or Munkeno (Esperanto), Múnich (Spanish), Münih (Turkish), Munique (Portuguese), Mûnik (Walloon)
Münster	Münster (German), Meuster (Walloon)
Murmansk	Moermansk (Dutch), Mourmansk (French), Murmansk - Мурманск (Russian), Murmansko (Esperanto), Muurmanni or Muurmanski (older Finnish names), Muurmansk (Finnish); Romanov-on-Murman (former name), Murmanskas (Lithuanian), Murmańsk (Polish)

N

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Namur	Namur (French), Namen (Dutch), Nameur (Walloon)
Nancy	Nancy (French), Nanzig (German)
Naples	Nābūlī (Arabic), Napels (Dutch), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Napoli (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Napolo (Esperanto), Nàpols (Catalan), Nápoly (Hungarian), Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German), Neapolis (Lithuanian), Neapol (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol' (Russian, Ukrainian), Neapole (old Romanian name), Neápoli (modern Greek), Neápolis (ancient Greek)
Narbonne	Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Italian, Spanish), Narbonne (French)
Neuchâtel	Neuchâtel (French), Neuenburg (German)
Newport (Monmouthshire)	Casnewydd (Welsh)
Newport (Pembrokeshire)	Trefdraeth (Welsh)
Nice	Niça (Catalan), Nicea (Polish), Níkea (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian), Niza (Spanish), Nizza (Italian, Finnish, German, Hungarian), Nica (Lithuanian)
Nicosia	Lefkoşe (Turkish), Lefkosía (Greek), Nicosia (Hungarian, Italian, Spanish), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nicosie (French), Nikosia / Lefkosia (Finnish), Nikosia (German), Nikosija (Russian, Ukrainian), Nikosio (Esperanto), Nikozija (Serbian), Nikozja (Polish), Nīqūsiyā (Arabic), Nikozija (Lithuanian)
Nijmegen	Nijmegen (Dutch), Nimega (Italian, Spanish), Nimègue (French), Nimwegen (German, Local Dialect), Nîmegue (Walloon), Batavodurum, Noviomagum (Latin), Nimwege (Limburgs)
Nizhny Novgorod	Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nizhni Novgorod (Finnish), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogród (Polish); Gorky (former name 1932-1990), Nižny Novgordas (Lithuanian)
Novi Sad	Neusatz (German), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Serbian), Nový Sad (Slovak), Újvidék (Hungarian), Novi Sadas (Lithuanian)
Nowy Sącz	Neu-Sandez (German), Nowy Sącz (Polish), Sandz - סאַנדז (Yiddish)
Nuremberg	Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvéryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), Norimberg (Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Núremberg (Spanish), Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürnberg (Finnish, German, Hungarian), Niurnbergas (Lithuanian)

O

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Óbuda (now part of Budapest)	Altofen (German), Óbuda (Hungarian), Starý Budín (Czech), Buda (Polish)
Odessa	Ades - אַדעס (Yiddish), Hacıbey (Turkish), Odesa (Ukrainian), Odessa (Russian, Polish)
Oldenburg	Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenburg (German), Starogard (Polish, Serbian)
Olomouc	Olmütz (German), Olomóc or Holomóc (Czech - Hanakian dialect), Olomouc (Czech), Olomuncium (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish)
Olsztyn	Allenstein (German), Olsztyn (Polish), Olštinas (Lithuanian)
Opava	Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German)
Opole	Opole (Polish), Opolí (Czech), Oppeln (German)
Oporto	Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Italian, Spanish), Porto (Czech, Esperanto, French, German, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Portas (Lithuanian)
Oradea	Gran Varadino (Italian), Großwardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvárad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian, Polish), Varadinum (Latin), Varat (Turkish)
Oranienburg	Bocov (Czech), Bötzow (former German name), Oranienburg (German)
Oslo	Asloa (Latin), Oslo (Bahasa Indonesia, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Osló (Irish), Ósló (Icelandic), Ūslū (Arabic), Oslas (Lithuanian), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name 1624-1925), Kristiania (late version of former name)
Osnabrück	Osnabrück (German), Osnabrugge (Dutch), Osnabruque (Portuguese)
Ostend	Oostende (Dutch/Flemish), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Portuguese, Serbian), Ostendo (Esperanto), Ostendė (Lithuanian), Ostinde (Walloon)
Oświęcim	Auschwitz (German), Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Oświęcim (Polish)
Oulu	Oulu (Finnish, Polish), Uleåborg (Swedish)
Oxford	Oksfordo (Esperanto), Oxonia (Latin), Rhydychen (Welsh), Oksfordas (Lithuanian), Oksford (Polish)

P

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Padua	Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Slovak), Pádua (Portuguese), Padwa (Polish)
Palermo	Palerme (French), Palermo (Italian, Finnish, Polish), Palermas (Lithuanian)
Pamplona	Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruña (Basque), Pamplona (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provençal), Pampeluna (Polish)
Paris	Bārīs (Arabic), Páras (Irish), Parigi (Italian), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parijs (Dutch), París (Catalan, Spanish), Paris (French, Norwegian) Parísi (Greek), Pariso or Parizo (Esperanto), Pariž (Bulgarian, Russian), Pariz (Croatian), Pariz - Париз (Serbian), Pariz - פּאַריז (Yiddish), Paříž (Czech), Paríž (Slovak), Parīze (Latvian), Párizs (Hungarian), Paryż (Polish), Paryzh (Ukrainian), Paryžius (Lithuanian)
Parma	Parme (French), Parma (Italian, Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish)
Pärnu	Parnawa (Polish), Pärnu (Estonian), Pernau (German), Piarnu (Lithuanian)
Passau	Batavia (Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech), Passau (German), Passovia (Italian)
Pazin	Pisino (Italian), Pazin (Croatian)
Pécs	Pětikostelí (Czech), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Päťkostolie (Slovak), Pecz (Polish)
Perpignan	Perpignan (French), Perpignano (Italian), Perpiñán (Spanish), Perpinhão (Portuguese), Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpinyà (Catalan)
Perugia	Pérouse (French), Perugia (Italian), Perusa (Spanish)
Petroskoy	Petrozavodsk (Russian), Petroskoi (Finnish), Äänislinna (old Finnish name), Petrozavodskas (Lithuanian)
Piacenza	Piacenza (Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish)
Piotrków Trybunalski	Petrikau (German), Petrikev - פּעטריקעװ (Yiddish), Petrokov (Russian), Piotrków Trybunalski (Polish)
Plauen	Plauen (German, Polish), Plavno (Czech)
Pleven	Pleven (Bulgarian), Plevna (Russian), Plevno (Czech), Plewen (Polish)
Plovdiv	Filippopoli (Italian), Philipopolis (Greek, former name), Plovdiv (Bulgarian), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (Thracian, former name), Evmolpias (Thracian, former name), Trimontium (Roman, former name), Filibe (Turkish, former name), Paldin (Slav, former name)
Plymouth	Pleimuiden (Dutch), Plimuto (Esperanto)
Plzeň	Pilsen (German, Italian), Pilzno (Polish), Plzeň (Czech)
Podgorica	Titograd (former name), Ribnica (former name)
Pompeii	Pompei (Italian), Pompeia (Portuguese), Pompeji (German), Pompeya (Spanish), Pompeja (Serbian), Pompeje (Polish), Pompiia (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish), Pompėja (Lithuanian), Pompeji, (Danish)
Porec	Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian)
Pori	Björneborg (Swedish), Pori (Finnish)
Portorož	Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Slovene)
Porvoo	Borgå (Swedish), Porvoo (Finnish)
Potsdam	Podstupim (Lower Sorbian), Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (German, Italian), Poczdam (Polish), Potsdamas (Lithuanian)
Poznań	Posen (German), Posnania (Latin), Posnanie (French), Poyzn - פּױזן (Yiddish), Poznań (Polish), Poznanė (Lithuanian)
Prague	Birāġ (Arabic), Praha (Czech, Finnish, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Praag (Dutch), Prag (Croatian, Danish, German, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Prág (Irish), Prága (Greek, Hungarian), Praga (Bulgarian, Catalan, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish), Prago (Esperanto), Prog - פּראָג (Yiddish)
Pravdinsk	Friedland (German), Pravdinsk (Russian), Romuva (Lithuanian)
Priozersk	Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (alternative Finnish name)
Pristina	Prishtinë (Albanian), Priština - Приштина (Serbian), Priştina (Turkish), Prisztina (Polish), Pristino (Esperanto), Priština (Lithuanian)
Pruszcz Gdański	Praust (German), Pruszcz Gdański (Polish)
Przemyśl	Peremyshl (Russian), Premisl - פּרעמיסל (Yiddish), Przemyśl (Polish)
Pskov	Pihkva (Estonian), Pihkova (Finnish), Psków (Polish), Pleskau (German), Pskovas (Lithuanian)
Pula	Pola (Italian), Pula (Croatian)
Puławy	Pilev - פּילעװ (Yiddish), Puławy (Polish)
Pyrzyce	Pyritz (German), Pyrzyce (Polish)

R

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Rădăuţi	Rădăuţi (Romanian), Radautz (German), Radevits - ראַדעװיץ (Yiddish), Radowce (Polish)
Radymno	Radymno (Polish), Redem - רעדעם (Yiddish)
Rauma	Rauma (Finnish), Raumo (Swedish)
Regensburg	Řezno (Czech), Ratisbona (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Ratisbonne (French), Ratyzbona (Polish), Ratisbon (English [obs.], Latin), Regensborg (Low Saxon), Regensburg (German)
Rheims	Reims (French), Remeš (Czech), Remso (Esperanto), Reimsas (Lithuanian)
Riga	Riga (Italian, Portuguese, Russian), Rīga (Latvian), Rīġā (Arabic), Rige - ריגע (Yiddish), Riha (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish)
Rijeka	Fiume (Italian, Hungarian), Rijeka (Croatian, Polish), St. Veit am Flaum (German)
Rivne	Rivne (Ukrainian), Rovne - ראָװנע (Yiddish), Rovno (Russian), Równe (Polish), Rowno (German)
Roman	Roman (Romanian), Románvásár (Hungarian), Romanvarasch (German)
Rome	Rhufain (Welsh), Rim (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian), Rím (Slovak), Řím (Czech), An Róimh (Irish), Rom (German), Rómi (Greek), Róma (Hungarian), Roma (Catalan, Italian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Turkish), Romo (Esperanto), Rooma (Estonian, Finnish), Roym - רױם (Yiddish), Rūmiya (Arabic), Rym (Ukrainian), Rzym (Polish)
Roskilde	Hróarskelda (Icelandic), Roskilde (Danish)
Rostock	Rostock (German, Polish), Roztoky (Czech), Rostokas (Lithuanian)
Rouen	Rouen (French), Ruão (Portuguese), Rúðuborg (Icelandic)
Rovaniemi	Roavenjarga (Sami), Rovaniemi (Finnish, Swedish), Rovaniemis (Lithuanian)
Rovinj	Rovigno (Italian), Rovinj (Croatian)
Rzeszów	Reichshof (German 1939-1945), Reyshe - רײשע (Yiddish), Rzeszów (Polish)

S

<

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Saarbrücken	Saarbrücken (German), Sarrebruck (French, Spanish), Sarbriukenas (Lithuanian)
Saarlouis	Sarrelouis (French), Saarlautern (German 1939-1945)
Sagunto	Sagunt (Catalan, German), Sagunto (Italian, Spanish)
Salzburg	Salisburgo (Italian), Salzbourg (French), Salzburg (German, Slovene), Salzburgo (Spanish), Solnograd (old Slovene), Solnohrad (Czech), Zalcburgas (Lithuanian)
Samara	Kujbišev (Slovene), Kuybyshev (former name)
Samarkand	Samarcanda (Catalan, Italian, Spanish), Samarcande (French), Samarkand (Slovene), Samarkanda (Polish), Semerkant (Turkish), Samarkandas (Lithuanian)
San Sebastián	Donostia (Basque), San Sebastián (Spanish), Sant Sebastià (Catalan), Saint-Sébastien (French), San Sebastijanas (Lithuanian)
Santiago de Compostela	Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Sant Jaume de Galícia (Catalan), Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle (French), Santiago de Compostela (Galician, Portuguese), Santiago di Compostella (Italian)
Saragossa	Saragoça (Portuguese), Saragosa (Slovene), Saragossa (Catalan, German, Polish), Saragosse (French), Saragozza (Italian), Zaragoza (Czech, Spanish), Sarkusta (Arabic)
Sarajevo	Sarāyīfū (Arabic), Sarajevo (Slovene), Sarajewo (German, Polish), Saraybosna (Turkish), Szarajevó (Hungarian), Sarajevas (Lithuanian)
Saranda	(Áyii) Saránda (Greek), Sarandë / Saranda (Albanian), Santiquaranta (Italian)
Saverne	Zabern (German)
Schaffhausen	Schaffhouse (French), Schaffhausen (German), Sciaffusa (Italian), Schaffusa (Romansh), Szafuza (Polish)
Schmogrow	Schmogrow (German), Smogorjow (Lower Sorbian)
Schweinfurt	Schweinfurt (German, Slovene), Svinibrod (Czech)
Schwerin	Schwerin (German), Swaryń (Polish), Zuarin (Obotritic), Zvěřín (Czech)
Schwyz	Schwytz (French), Schwyz (German), Svitto (Italian), Sviz (Romansh)
Senj	Segna (Italian), Senj (Croatian, Slovene), Zengg (old Hungarian name)
Seville	al-Išbīliya (Arabic), Hispalis (Latin), Sevila (Slovene), Sevilha (Portuguese), Sevilia (Romanian [obs.]), Seviljo (Esperanto), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, Norwegian, Slovak, Spanish, German), Séville (French), Sevilya (Turkish), Sewilla (Polish), Siviglia (Italian), Sevilija (Lithuanian)
Shkodër	Scutari (Italian), Skadar (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Szkodra (Polish), Skutari (German)
Shrewsbury	Amwythig (Welsh)
Šiauliai	Schaulen (German), Shaulyay (Russian), Shavl - שאַװל (Yiddish), Šiauliai (Lithuanian), Szawle (Polish)
Sibenik	Sebenico (Italian), Šibenik (Croatian, Slovene), Szybenik (Polish)
Sibiu	Sibiň (Czech), Sibiu (Romanian), Hermannstadt (German), Szeben (Hungarian)