List of historical autonomist and secessionist movements

This is a list of historical autonomist and secessionist movements around the world. They may or may not have succeeded in their goal.

For currently active movements, please see: List of active autonomist and secessionist movements.

Contents

1 Africa 1.1 Algeria 1.2 Angola 1.3 Botswana 1.4 Burundi 1.5 Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau 1.6 Central African Republic 1.7 Eritrea 1.8 Kenya 1.9 Mali 1.10 Mauritius 1.11 Mozambique 1.12 Namibia 1.13 São Tomé and Príncipe 1.14 Senegal 1.15 Seychelles 1.16 Sierra Leone 1.17 Tanzania 1.18 Tunisia 1.19 Zambia 1.20 Zimbabwe 2 Asia 2.1 Bangladesh 2.2 Burma 2.3 China 2.4 Fiji 2.5 India 2.6 Indonesia 2.7 Malaysia 2.8 Mongolia 2.9 North Korea 2.10 Singapore 2.11 Sri Lanka 2.12 Vanuatu 3 Europe 3.1 Bosnia 3.2 Croatia 3.3 Latvia 3.4 former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia 4 North America 4.1 Canada 4.1.1 Secessionist 4.1.2 Autonomist 4.2 Mexico 4.3 United States 5 South & Central America and Caribbean 5.1 Antigua and Barbuda 5.2 Belize 5.3 Guyana 5.4 Jamaica 6 Oceania 7 See also

Africa

Algeria

(gained independence from France on July 5, 1962)

• Political: National Algerian Movement
• Violent: Front de Libération Nationale (FLN)

Angola

• Political/violent: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA)

Botswana

• Political: Botswana Democratic Party (BDP)

Burundi

• Political: Union for National Progress (UPRONA)

Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau

• Political/violent: African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC)

Central African Republic

• Political: Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MÉSAN)

Eritrea

• Political/violent: People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ)

Kenya

• Political: Kenya African National Union (KANU)
• Violent: Mau Mau

Mali

• Political: Sudanese Union (US)

Mauritius

• Political: Mauritius Labour Party (MLP), Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM)

Mozambique

• Political/violent: Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO)

Namibia

• Political/violent: South-West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO)

São Tomé and Príncipe

• Political: Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP)

Senegal

• Political: Senegalese Socialist Party (PSS)

Seychelles

• Political: Seychelles Democratic Party (SDP), Seychelles People's United Party (SPUP)

Sierra Leone

• Political: Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP)

Tanzania

• Political: Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM)

Tunisia

• Political: Neo-Destour Party (ND)

Zambia

• Political: United National Independence Party (UNIP)

Zimbabwe

• Political/violent: Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Asia

Bangladesh

• Political: Bangladesh Awami League

Burma

• Political: Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League

China

• Political/violent: Communist Party of China

Fiji

• Political: Fijian Alliance

India

• Political: Indian National Congress, Communist Party of India

Indonesia

• Political: Indonesian Nationalist Party

Malaysia

• Political: United Malays National Organisation

Mongolia

• Political: Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party

North Korea

• Political/violent: Workers' Party of Korea

Singapore

• Political: People's Action Party

Sri Lanka

• Political: United National Party

Vanuatu

• Political: Vanua'aku Party

Europe

Bosnia

• Political: Party of Democratic Action

Croatia

• Political: Croatian Democratic Union, Croatian Party of Rights

Latvia

• Political: Tautas Fronte

former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia

• Political: Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation

North America

Canada

Secessionist

• Ontario
  • Political: Ontario Independence League

• Quebec
  • Civil: Alliance Laurentienne , Chevaliers de l'Indépendance
  • Political: Mouvement Souveraineté-Association, Parti de la démocratie socialiste, Parti indépendantiste, Parti Nationaliste du Quebec, Parti Patriote, Ralliement National, Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale, Union nationale (Johnson era), Union Populaire
  • Violent: Fils de la liberté, Frères Chasseurs , Front de libération du Québec

• Western Canada
  • Political: Unionest Party

Autonomist

• Acadia
  • Political: Parti Acadien

• Cape Breton
  • Political: Cape Breton Labour Party

• Ontario
  • Political: Northern Ontario Heritage Party

Mexico

United States

• Violent: Sons of Liberty, Confederate States of America

South & Central America and Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda

• Political: Antigua Labour Party

Belize

• Political: People's United Party

Guyana

• Political: People's Progressive Party
• Political/violent: People's National Congress

Jamaica

• Political: Jamaican Labour Party, People's National Party

Oceania

See also

• List of active autonomist and secessionist movements
• Decolonization