Plant propagation is the process of artificially or naturally propagating (distributing or spreading) plants.
Seeds and spores can be used to propagate plants. Seeds are typically produced from sexual reproduction within a species, since genetic recombination has occurred plants grown from seed may have different characteristics to its parents. Some species produce seed that requires special conditions to germinate like cold treatment, the seed of many Australian plants and plants from southern Africa and the American west require smoke or fire to germinate. Some plant species, including many trees do not produce seed until they reach maturity, which may take many years. Seed can be difficult to acquire and some plants do not produce seed at all.
Plants have a number of mechanisms for asexual or vegetative reproduction, these have been taken advantage of by horticulturists, and gardeners to produce plants rapidly. Plants are produced using material from a single parent and as such there is no exchange of genetic material, therefore vegetative propagation methods almost always produces plants that are identical the parent.
Techniques for vegetative propagation include:
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