Raphael Mitchel Robinson (November 2 1911 - January 27 1995) was an American mathematician.
Born in National City, California, he was the youngest of four children of a lawyer and a teacher. In 1932 he graduated at the University of California, Berkeley, where he also received M.A. in 1933 and finally Ph.D. on complex analysis in 1934 with title Some results in the theory of Schlicht functions .
In 1941 Robinson married Julia Bowman who later became the first female president of the American Mathematical Society.
Robinson, who worked in several fields of mathematics, also discovered five new Mersenne primes in 1952.