Dream of the Red Chamber (Chinese: 紅樓夢; pinyin: hóng lóu mèng) or Chronicles of the Stone (Chinese: 石頭記; pinyin: shí tóu jì), written by Cao Xueqin, is one of the greatest masterpieces of Chinese fiction and of the four Classics, written in the 18th century during the Qing Dynasty. The title of the novel has translated in a number of ways, with the word "mansion" or "room" (in singular or plural form) being substituted for "chamber," as in Dream of Red Mansions or Dream of Red Rooms.
While the book has a riveting and intricate plot featuring over 350 characters, it can also be read as a study of 18th-century Chinese manners, or as a Buddhist allegory. A lengthy work, the first 80 chapters were written by Cao and the remaining 40 chapters attributed to a Gao E , who published the combined version in 1792. Gao E claimed to have completed the work based on a manuscript by the author.
A scene from the story, painted by Xu Bao (b.1810)
The story orbits around a wealthy but declining family, the Jia clan, who occupies two large family compounds in the capital. The main characters are the powerful family matriarch Grandmother Jia , the peculiar grandson Jia Baoyu (賈寶玉), who might actually be a stone brought to life, and his two female cousins, the socially-graceful but inwardly cold Xue Baochai (薛寶釵) and the temperamental, sickly and emotional Lin Daiyu (林黛玉). In fact, it would be more accurate to say the main character is the family itself: its many members, their servants, their mutual obligations and expectations, and the unfolding fate of each person.
The novel is graced with different styles of foreshadowing. Through all, the author reveals the reality of life amidst the "red dust" -- the grasping, yearning, opulent, and ultimately futile life of both peasant and elite in 18th-century China. Taoist and Buddhist themes are woven deeply into the structure of the novel and one of Cao Xueqin's aims is to reveal the emptiness and beauty of the aristocratic society he unveils for us.
Family trees
The Jia clan
common ancestor
|
,-------------------------------------------+----------------------------.
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Jia Yan Jia Yuan
Duke of Ning-guo Duke of Rong-guo
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Jia Dai-hua Jia Dai-Shan === Grandmother Jia (née Shi)
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,------+-------. ,-------------------------------------+---+------------------------------------------.
| | | | |
Jia Fu Jia Jing Jia She === Lady Xing Jia Zheng === Lady Wang Jia Min === Lin Ru-hai
| | | |
,------+-------. ,-----------. ,---------+-----+--+---------+----------. |
| | | | | | | | | |
You-shi === Cousin Zhen Xi-chun Wang Xi-feng === Jia Lian Ying-chun * Li Wan === Jia Zhu Yuan-chun Bao-yu Tan-chun * Jia Huan * Lin Dai-yu
| | |
Jia Rong === Qin-shi Qiao-jie Jia Lan
('baby')
* denotes a child by a concubine
The Wang family
,--------------------+--------------+---------------------------------.
| | | |
Wang Xi-feng's father Wang Zi-teng Lady Wang === Jia Zheng Aunt Xue (née Wang)
| | |
,------+--. ,-----------+--+--------. ,----+---.
| | | | | | |
Wang Ren Xi-feng === Jia Lian Jia Zhu === Li Wan Yuan-chun Bao-yu Xue Pan Bao-chai
External links