Throwing can have different meanings depending on the context.
Compared with dropping, where a person releases something that just falls down because of gravity, a thrown object (projectile) is released with a certain velocity in a certain direction. If it is shot with a bow or gun it is not called throwing. Examples of projectiles are a spear, grenade, rock, ball, tomato.
In martial arts, throws are also attacks and maneuvers wherein the opponent is off-balanced, usually by being swept off their feet or lifted into the air, then driven to the ground. For example, judo has a large number of throwing techniques.
In ceramics
In the creation of ceramic ware, the actions in forming pottery from clay using a wheel is called throwing, as in "throwing a pot".
Throwing is a term for raising an exception in exception handling, typically used with the try/throw/catch construct, in several programming languages, including C++, Java and C#.